SIHA Statement to the 77th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (in English & French) – Read to the Commission on 22 October 2023

77th ORDINARY SESSION OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS 
Arusha, Tanzania  
20 October – 9 November 2023 
Statement by the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA Network) – (no. OBS/433) 

 

Honourable chairperson, honourable commissioners, excellencies, state delegates, distinguished representatives from human rights organizations, institutions, civil society, and all those concerned with the state of women’s rights in Africa, thank you for this opportunity to participate in this auspicious occasion by presenting the following statement. 

Introduction 

The Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA Network) is a network created by women’s rights activists from the Horn of Africa. For the past 25 years we have held a unique position conducting research and advocacy while working as a feminist regional civil society network with over 100 member organisations operating in the politically volatile contexts of the Greater Horn of Africa. We work through and firmly believe in the collective power of African women. 

Over the past year, the Horn of Africa has been the site of multiple conflicts, insecurity, environmental shocks, political upheaval, and shrinking civic space. Today we would like to focus our statement on Somalia and Sudan. In these two countries, women have found themselves increasingly targeted by sexual violence, and numerous other forms of human rights abuses. We call upon the African Commission to expend every possible effort toward convincing Sudan and Somalia to sign and ratify the Maputo Protocol without reservations and hold the two member states accountable to their commitments to African women, as parties to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. 

Sudan  

From the outset, the current armed conflict in Sudan, has been particularly heinous and merciless. Human rights violations have been committed by the two major parties to this conflict: the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The pervasive human rights violations, include extrajudicial killings, abduction, looting of homes, bombing and raiding of hospitals, enforced disappearance, torture, rape, gang rape, sexual exploitation, forced labour, and sexual slavery. The RSF are the primary perpetrators of these crimes as they continue to employ a systemic campaign of intimidation and violence. The violently criminal tactics of the RSF have been emboldened by years of impunity for human rights violations that have often been motivated by ethnicity and gender, as is the case in the current conflict.   

Despite the evidence and many harrowing reports, both sides have refused to acknowledge these crimes, making painfully evident that civilian protection is not a primary concern. As such, women and girls are left to face these atrocities in a lawless state, with diminishing regional and international voices that speak to the severity of the current situation, while those who attempt to speak up from inside the country are often violently silenced. With the health system all but collapsed because of the conflict, survivors of SGBV face more severe suffering due to the absence of medical and psychological aid, increasing the likelihood of pregnancies as a result of the SGBV, and other negative repercussions that would be preventable in a peaceful and stable context.   

The majority of cases reported to SIHA (56) were documented in the Darfur region, while another 36 cases were documented in Khartoum and four more cases were documented in Kordofan, and two cases were documented in Sennar. Nevertheless, we believe the actual amount of SGBV cases is drastically higher than the 98 cases we have managed to document. In Al Genina city in West Darfur, civilians have been subjected to genocide and forced displacement. The true number and severity of the war crimes and crimes against humanity, including SGBV, that have been perpetuated by the RSF in West Darfur remain unknown as the RSF are still in control of the area. The cases we have managed to document reveal the widespread and systemic scale of the attacks by the RSF across the region.  

The manner of the attacks demonstrates the RSF’s complete disregard for the rights of civilians and noncombatants as enshrined in the Geneva Conventions – there are numerous reports of the RSF entering homes, raping the woman and girls in front of their families, and then looting the homes. Women have been raped in public streets or on the roads as they were attempting to flee the violence. The RSF have enslaved women and girls for weeks, subjecting them to violence, torture, and slavery. They continue to hold women and girls in different locations across the country to use for labour or to sell them. In the face of these tactics, we can only conclude that the RSF has chosen to wage war on the civilians of Sudan just as much as against the combatants within the ranks of the SAF. The RSF must be recognized as the war criminals they are by a unified regional front if there is to be any hope of halting these atrocities.   

The legal framework in Sudan has consistently failed to address SGBV and punish perpetrators for the past three decades. The previous government refused to change the laws and policies that targeted women and girls or to ratify the Maputo Protocol. Violence against women and girls continues to be a politicized matter in Sudan. The militarized politics, the abuse of power, and the dysfunctional justice system remain the primary reason perpetrators have become recognized as political partners and heads of state instead of being held accountable by the national and regional frameworks.  

The acts committed by the two primary parties to this conflict, the SAF and the RSF, violate customary law and international humanitarian law on several accounts, including committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and conducting widespread attacks against civilians. The acts committed including the targeting of women and girls by the RSF and the targeting of civilians’ homes using air missiles and drones by the SAF violate essential and immutable human rights. More specifically, those acts violate the right to life under Article 4 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ rights. Further, the SAF has failed to protect women and girls as civilian in accordance with Article 18 (3). Depriving women and girls of their right to life and failing to provide civilian protection also means no other right can possibly be observed or respected.  

Somalia 

In Somalia, there are significant gaps in the protection of the rights of women and girls in the country. The formal legal system consistently fails to address sexual violence and allows perpetrators to go unpunished. Both Somalia and Somaliland’s criminal justice systems are based on a penal code adapted from the Italian penal law code used in colonial Somalia, which was drafted before the 1960s and has never been revised. This antiquated legislation fails to address recent trends of violence, such as cyber harassment, trolling, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Even though the law criminalizes rape and provides penalties, which range from five to fifteen years in prison, neither the federal government nor Somaliland’s regional government are effectively enforcing this law because this legal framework is further undermined by the pluralist nature of the Somali justice system, which allows customary and sharia courts to preside over most cases dealing with SGBV.  

The need for legal reform is made painfully evident by the high rates of SGBV in Somalia, which continue to rise over time. A report produced by the UN Secretary General in July 2023 on conflict-related sexual violence verified incidents of rape and other forms of sexual violence affecting 219 girls and two boys. the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) verified 19 cases of conflict-related sexual violence, including gang rape, and attempted rape, perpetrated against 14 women and 5 girls. An unpublished report by the Somali Women Development Centre, a local NGO dedicated to assisting survivors of sexual violence, revealed that there had been 2,176 SGBV cases in Somalia in 2021 and 2,343 cases in 2022, indicating approximately a 7.7% increase in recorded cases. Most of these cases were found to be perpetrated by clan militias or Al-Shabaab, however, the Somali Police Force and National Army were implicated as well. In Somaliland, the National Human Rights Commission documented 580 rape cases in 2022, with a staggering 66% of these cases involving girls under the age of 18. This marks a significant 308% increase in reported rape incidents compared to the previous year. Alarmingly, only 28% of these cases were addressed within the formal legal system. The challenge lies in the categorization of family cases as civil matters, often leading to their resolution through mediation or adjudication under Sharia law and customary practices. 

In Somalia, the Sexual Offenses Bill was passed by the Council of Ministers and sent to the Federal Parliament in 2018, but after two years, it was repealed. The House debated a new bill in 2020 that attempted to replace the original Sexual Offenses Bill. The newly drafted Bill (Sexual Intercourse and Related Crimes Bill) allows for child and forced marriage, among other violations of women and girls’ rights and thus contradicts Somalia’s commitments to protecting women’s rights as stated in Article 18 of the African Charter. 

In August 2018, the Rape and Sexual Offences Act was signed into law with the support of numerous women’s rights activists and organisations in the country. The law aimed to reduce rape and gender-based violence, however a group of the country’s conservative religious leaders claimed the new legislation violated Islamic law and demanded to revise it. The revised version, which leaves out survivor protections included in the original Act and allows forced marriage, was passed in 2020.  

Long-standing efforts by women’s rights activists and civil society organizations to push Somalia including Somaliland to pass laws protecting women and girls and end impunity have oftentimes been met with backlash, particularly from religious groups, leaving survivors of sexual violence without access to justice.  

When conflict broke out in Las’Anod, women and girls living in the borderlands between Somaliland and Puntland, were suddenly plunged into greater levels of vulnerability. Clan militias, youth gangs, and unidentified men in uniform have committed a growing number of rapes throughout the ongoing conflict. The conflict has weakened judicial and healthcare infrastructures, significantly compromising survivors’ access to justice and adequate medical care. The conflict has also displaced many women and girls, placing them at greater risk of exposure to sexual violence. In the first half of this year, a local NGO in Somaliland recorded 28 rape cases in Las’anod, three of which ended with femicide.  

On August 10th the highest-ranking traditional leader (Garaad) for the clan in Las’Anod delivered a televised speech in which he stated that it is in the best interest of the clan for its population to grow, and thus conditions for marriage – including dowry and the signing of a contract, should be removed so that men can enter into more marriages more easily. This bolsters impunity for perpetrators of sexual violence, as they can now simply claim they are married, and the survivor will not be able to deny this without risking being accused of contravening the best interest of the clan. 

On August 25th the Somaliland Army was driven out of Las’Anod and its surrounding areas by the clan militias and Puntland armed forces who took control of the city. At this time, local NGOs and human rights protection monitors fled the city, and thus our ability to document sexual violence and other human rights abuses on the ground has been significantly compromised. However, the ongoing conflict and the Garaad’s decree regarding marriage indicate a high likelihood that the prevalence of sexual violence in Las’Anod is increasing in a context devoid of strong mechanisms for protecting survivors and holding perpetrators accountable. 

Recommendations 

We therefore conclude this statement with the following recommendations for the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: 

To apply increased pressure on the de facto government of Sudan to: 

Implement an immediate cease-fire throughout the country, ensuring humanitarian aid reaches those in need, combined with a short- and long- term transitional process toward a peaceful and stable democratic governance system, which equally includes women and civil society. 

Implement the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. 

Amend the Criminal Act and the Criminal Procedure Act to ensure survivors are protected from adultery charges and guaranteed access to justice through formal court trials that diligently follow legal due process. 

Amend the National Intelligence Security and Service Act and the Military Forces Act to abolish impunity for all forms of violence and harassment (including sexual violence) committed by military and security sector staff against civilians. 

To apply pressure on the government of Somalia to: 

Enact the Sexual Offence Bill that has been long promoted by women’s rights activists/organizations and civil society in Somalia and Somaliland. 

End impunity for agents of the security apparatuses and hold militarized perpetrators and others accountable for the crimes of sexual violence. 

Subject the perpetrators of sexual violence to the statutory court ruling and prevent customary courts from handling cases of sexual violence. 

Implement and immediate ceasefire in Las’Anod and develop mechanisms that equally include women in the transition to peace.   

We wish the African Commission fruitful deliberations. Thank you. 

77ème SESSION ORDINAIRE DE LA COMMISSION AFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET DES PEUPLES (CADHP) 

Arusha, Tanzanie 

20 octobre – 9 novembre 2023 

Déclaration du réseau SIHA – Initiative Stratégique pour les Femmes dans la Corne de l’Afrique – (no. OBS/433) 

Honorable président, honorables commissaires, représentants étatiques, distingués participants, représentants des organisations de défense des droits de l’homme et de la société civile, et tous ceux préoccupés par l’état des droits des femmes en Afrique, je vous remercie de l’opportunité qui m’est donnée de présenter une déclaration lors de cette session. 

Introduction 

L’Initiative stratégique pour les femmes de la Corne de l’Afrique (réseau SIHA) est un réseau créé par des militantes des droits des femmes de la Corne de l’Afrique. Depuis 25 ans, nous occupons une place unique en tant que réseau régional féministe regroupant plus de 100 organisations de la société civile, menant des activités de plaidoyer et de recherche, et opérant dans le contexte politique instable de la Grande Corne de l’Afrique. Nous travaillons grâce au pouvoir collectif des femmes africaines et nous y croyons fermement. 

Au cours de l’année écoulée, la Corne de l’Afrique a été le théâtre de multiples conflits, d’insécurité, de chocs environnementaux, de bouleversements politiques et d’un rétrécissement de l’espace civique. Aujourd’hui, nous souhaitons focaliser notre déclaration sur la Somalie et le Soudan. Dans ces deux pays, les femmes sont de plus en plus souvent la cible de violences sexuelles et de nombreuses autres formes de violations des droits humains. Nous appelons à la Commission africaine à déployer tous les efforts possibles dans le but de convaincre le Soudan et la Somalie de signer et de ratifier le Protocole de Maputo sans réserve et de tenir les deux États membres responsables de leurs engagements envers les femmes africaines, en tant que parties à la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples. 

Soudan 

Depuis le début, le conflit armé qui sévit actuellement au Soudan a été particulièrement odieux et impitoyable. Des violations des droits humains ont été perpétrées par les deux principales parties à ce conflit : les Forces armées soudanaises (FAS) et les Forces de soutien rapide (FSR). Les violations généralisées des droits humains comprennent les exécutions extrajudiciaires, les enlèvements, le pillage des foyers, les bombardements et les raids sur les hôpitaux, les disparitions forcées, la torture, les viols, les viols collectifs, l’exploitation sexuelle, le travail forcé et l’esclavage sexuel. Les FSR sont les principaux auteurs de ces crimes, car ils continuent à mener une campagne systématique d’intimidation et de violence. A l’instar du conflit actuel, les tactiques violemment criminelles des FSR ont été renforcées par des années d’impunité suite aux violations des droits humains souvent motivées par l’appartenance ethnique et le genre. 

Malgré les preuves et les nombreux rapports poignants, les deux parties ont refusé de reconnaître ces crimes, ce qui montre malheureusementque la protection des civils n’est pas une préoccupation majeure. Ainsi, les femmes et les filles doivent faire face à ces atrocités dans un état de non-droit, avec des voix régionales et internationales de moins en moins nombreuses qui parlent de la gravité de la situation actuelle, tandis que ceux qui tentent de s’exprimer depuis l’intérieur du pays sont souvent violemment bâillonnés. Le système de santé s’étant pratiquement effondré en raison du conflit, les victimes de violence sexuelle et sexiste sont confrontées à des souffrances plus graves en raison de l’absence d’aide médicale et psychologique, ce qui augmente la probabilité de grossesses résultant des violences sexuelles et sexistes, et d’autres répercussions négatives qui pourraient être évitées dans un contexte pacifique et stable. 

La majorité des cas signalés à SIHA (56) l’ont été dans la région du Darfour, tandis que 36 autres l’ont été à Khartoum, quatre au Kordofan et deux cas à Sennar. Néanmoins, nous pensons que le nombre réel de cas de violences sexuelles et sexistes est considérablement plus élevé que les 98 cas que nous avons réussi à documenter. Dans la ville d’Al Genina, au Darfour occidental, les civils ont été victimes d’un génocide et de déplacements forcés. Le nombre réel et la gravité des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l’humanité, y compris la violence sexuelle et sexiste, perpétrés par les FSR dans l’ouest du Darfour restent inconnus, car les FSR contrôlent toujours la région. Les cas que nous avons réussi à documenter révèlent l’ampleur généralisée et systémique des attaques menées par les FSR dans toute la région. La manière dont les attaques sont menées démontre le mépris total des FSR pour les droits des civils et des non-combattants, conformément aux conventions de Genève. De nombreux rapports font état de l’entrée des FSR dans les foyers, violant les femmes et les filles devant leur famille, et du pillage des maisons par la suite. Des femmes ont été violées sur la voie publique ou sur la route alors qu’elles tentaient de fuir les violences. Les FSR ont réduit en esclavage des femmes et des jeunes filles pendant des semaines, les soumettant à la violence, à la torture et à l’esclavage. Elles continuent de détenir des femmes et des filles dans différents endroits du pays afin de les utiliser comme main-d’œuvre ou de les vendre. Face à ces tactiques, nous ne pouvons que conclure que le FSR a choisi de faire la guerre aux civils du Soudan tout autant qu’aux combattants dans les rangs des FAS.  

Depuis trois décennies, le cadre juridique soudanais ne permet pas de lutter contre les violences sexuelles et sexistes ni d’en punir les auteurs. Le Gouvernement précédent a refusé de modifier les lois et les politiques qui ciblaient les femmes et les filles ou de ratifier le protocole de Maputo. La violence à l’égard des femmes et des filles reste une question politisée au Soudan. La politique militarisée, l’abus de pouvoir et le dysfonctionnement du système judiciaire restent les principales raisons pour lesquelles les auteurs des violences sont reconnus comme des partenaires politiques et des Chefs d’État au lieu d’être tenus pour responsables conformément aux cadres juridiques nationaux et régionaux. 

Les actes commis par les deux principales parties à ce conflit, les Forces armées soudanaises et les Forces de soutien rapide, violent le droit coutumier et le droit international humanitaire à plusieurs égards, notamment en commettant des crimes de guerre, des crimes contre l’humanité, des génocides et en menant des attaques généralisées contre des civils. Les actes commis dont le ciblage des femmes et des filles par les FSR et le ciblage des maisons des civils à l’aide de missiles aériens et de drones par les FAS violent des droits humains essentiels et immuables. Plus précisément, ces actes violent le droit à la vie en vertu de l’article 4 de la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples. En outre, les Forces armées soudanaises ont manqué à leur devoir de protéger les femmes et les jeunes filles en tant que civils, conformément à l’article 18 (3) de ladite Charte. Priver les femmes et les jeunes filles de leur droit à la vie et ne pas leur fournir de protection civile signifie également qu’aucun autre droit ne peut être observé ni respecté. 

Somalie 

En Somalie, la protection des droits des femmes et des filles présente des lacunes importantes. Le système juridique officiel n’aborde jamais la question des violences sexuelles et permet aux auteurs de rester impunis. Les systèmes de justice pénale de la Somalie et du Somaliland reposent sur un code pénal adapté du code pénal italien utilisé pendant la période coloniale en Somalie, code qui a été rédigé avant les années 1960 et n’a jamais été mis à jour. Cette législation obsolète ne tient pas compte des tendances récentes en matière de violence, telles que le cyberharcèlement, le trolling et la violence entre partenaires intimes (ou violences conjugales). Même si la loi criminalise le viol et prévoit des peines allant de cinq à quinze ans de prison, ni le Gouvernement fédéral ni le Gouvernement régional du Somaliland n’appliquent efficacement cette loi, vu le cadre juridique encore affaibli par la nature pluraliste du système judiciaire somalien, qui permet aux tribunaux coutumiers et aux tribunaux de la charia de présider la plupart des affaires relevant des violences sexuelles et sexistes.  

La nécessité d’une réforme juridique est rendue douloureusement évidente par les taux élevés de violence sexuelle et sexiste en Somalie, qui continuent d’augmenter au fil du temps. Un rapport établi par le Secrétaire général des Nations unies en juillet 2023 sur les violences sexuelles liées au conflit a recensé des incidents de viol et d’autres formes de violences sexuelles touchant 219 filles et deux garçons. La Mission d’assistance des Nations unies en Somalie (UNSOM) a recensé 19 cas de violences sexuelles liées au conflit, dont des viols collectifs et des tentatives de viol, perpétrés à l’encontre de 14 femmes et de 5 filles. Un rapport non publié du Centre de développement des femmes somaliennes, une ONG locale qui se consacre à l’aide aux survivantes de violences sexuelles, a révélé qu’il y avait eu 2 176 cas de Violences sexuelles et sexistes en Somalie en 2021 et 2 343 cas en 2022, soit une augmentation d’environ 7,7 % des cas enregistrés. La plupart de ces cas ont été perpétrés par des milices claniques ou Al-Shabaab, mais les éléments de la police et de l’armée nationale somaliennes ont également été impliquées. Au Somaliland, la Commission nationale des droits humains a recensé 580 cas de viol en 2022, dont 66 % concernent des filles de moins de 18 ans. Cela représente une augmentation significative de 308 % des viols signalés par rapport à l’année précédente. Fait alarmant, seuls 28 % de ces cas ont été traités dans le cadre du système juridique officiel. Le problème réside dans le fait que les affaires familiales sont considérées comme des affaires civiles, ce qui conduit souvent à leur résolution par le biais de la médiation ou le jugement en vertu de la charia et des pratiques coutumières. 

En Somalie, le projet de loi sur les infractions sexuelles a été adopté par le Conseil des ministres et transmis au Parlement fédéral en 2018, mais deux ans plus tard, il a été abrogé. La Chambre a débattu d’un nouveau projet de loi en 2020 qui tentait de remplacer le projet de loi initial sur les infractions sexuelles. Le nouveau projet de loi (Rapports sexuels et infractions connexes) autorise les mariages d’enfants et les mariages forcés, entre autres violations des droits des femmes et des filles, contredisant ainsi les engagements de la Somalie en matière de protection des droits des femmes, tels qu’énoncés à l’article 18 de la Charte africaine. 

En août 2018, la loi sur le viol et les infractions sexuelles a été promulguée avec le soutien de nombreuses militantes et associations de défense des droits des femmes dans le pays. La loi visait à réduire les viols et les violences fondées sur le genre, mais un groupe de chefs religieux conservateurs du pays a affirmé que la nouvelle législation violait la loi islamique et a exigé de la réviser. La version révisée, qui supprime les protections des survivantes prévues par la loi initiale et autorise le mariage forcé, a été adoptée en 2020. 

Les efforts déployés de longue date par les militantes des droits des femmes et les associations de la société civile pour inciter la Somalie, y compris le Somaliland, à adopter des lois protégeant les femmes et les filles et à mettre fin à l’impunité se sont souvent heurtés à des réactions négatives, en particulier de la part des groupes religieux, ce qui fait que les victimes de violences sexuelles sont dépourvues de tout accès à la justice. 

Lorsque le conflit a éclaté à Las’Anod, les femmes et les jeunes filles vivant dans les zones frontalières entre le Somaliland et le Puntland ont été subitement plongées dans une plus grande vulnérabilité. Les milices claniques, les gangs de jeunes et les hommes en uniforme non identifiés ont commis un nombre croissant de viols tout au long du conflit. Le conflit a affaibli les infrastructures judiciaires et sanitaires, ce qui a considérablement compromis l’accès des victimes à la justice et à des soins médicaux adéquats. Le conflit a également déplacé de nombreuses femmes et filles, les exposant davantage aux violences sexuelles. Au cours du premier semestre de cette année, une ONG locale du Somaliland a enregistré 28 cas de viol à Las’Anod, dont trois se sont terminés par le féminicide. 

Le 10 août, le chef traditionnel (le Garaad) le plus haut placé du clan de Las’Anod a prononcé un discours télévisé dans lequel il a déclaré qu’il était dans l’intérêt du clan que sa population augmente et que, par conséquent, les conditions de mariage – y compris la dot et la signature d’un contrat – devraient être supprimées afin que les hommes puissent contracter plus facilement davantage de mariages. Cela renforce l’impunité des auteurs de violences sexuelles, puisqu’ils peuvent désormais simplement prétendre qu’ils sont mariés, et la survivante ne pourra pas le nier sans risquer d’être accusée de s’être opposée aux intérêts supérieurs du clan. 

 

Le 25 août, l’armée du Somaliland a été chassée de Las’Anod et de ses environs par les milices claniques et les forces armées du Puntland qui ont pris le contrôle de la ville. À ce moment-là, les ONG locales et les observateurs de la protection des droits humains ont fui la ville, et notre capacité à documenter les violences sexuelles et autres violations des droits humains sur le terrain a donc été considérablement compromise. Cependant, le conflit en cours et le décret du Garaad concernant le mariage indiquent qu’il est fort probable que la prévalence de la violence sexuelle à Las’Anod augmente dans un contexte dépourvu de mécanismes solides pour protéger les survivantes et tenir les auteurs responsables de leurs actes. 

Recommandations 

Nous concluons cette déclaration par les recommandations suivantes à l’intention de la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples : 

Exercer une pression accrue sur le Gouvernement de facto du Soudan pour qu’il adopte les mesures suivantes : 

Mettre en œuvre un cessez-le-feu immédiat dans tout le pays, en veillant à ce que l’aide humanitaire parvienne à ceux qui en ont besoin, avec un processus de transition à court et à long terme vers un système de gouvernance démocratique pacifique et stable, qui inclut également les femmes et la société civile. 

Mettre en œuvre la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et la Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants. 

Modifier la loi pénale et la loi de procédure pénale afin que les survivantes soient protégées contre les accusations d’adultère et que l’accès à la justice leur soit garanti par des procès en bonne et due forme qui respectent scrupuleusement les procédures légales. 

Modifier la loi sur le Service national de Renseignement et de Sécurité et la loi sur les forces militaires afin d’abolir l’impunité pour toutes les formes de violence et de harcèlement (y compris la violence sexuelle) commises par le personnel militaire et le personnel du secteur de la sécurité à l’encontre des civils. 

Exercer une pression accrue sur le Gouvernement de Somalie pour qu’il adopte les mesures suivantes :  

Promulguer le projet de loi sur les infractions sexuelles que les militants et associations de défense des droits des femmes et la société civile de Somalie et du Somaliland promeuvent depuis longtemps. 

Mettre fin à l’impunité des agents des appareils de sécurité et tenir les auteurs militarisés et autres responsables des crimes de violences sexuelles. 

Soumettre les auteurs des violences sexuelles à la décision du tribunal statutaire et empêcher les tribunaux coutumiers de traiter les cas de violences sexuelles. 

Mettre en œuvre un cessez-le-feu immédiat à Las’Anod et élaborer des mécanismes qui associeront également les femmes à la transition vers la paix.   

 

Nous souhaitons à la Commission africaine des délibérations fructueuses.  

Nous vous remercions.

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Ayan Mohamed Djama

Legal and Social Consultant

Ayan Mohamed Djama is a Legal and Social Consultant with strong expertise in judicial, port, and associative matters, and solid experience in designing, managing, and evaluating high-impact social, legal, and educational programmes. Internationally trained in Senegal, Kenya, France, and the United States, she supports NGOs, institutions, and private sector actors while leading community initiatives focused on the training, empowerment, and leadership of young women, girls, and youth to foster more just, inclusive, and resilient societies.

Bibiana Joseph Awad

SOUTH SUDAN PROJECTS OFFICER

Bibiana Joseph Awad holds a Master’s degree in Education in Emergency from the University of Juba. She is an activist and the Projects Officer at the SIHA Network in South Sudan, where she oversees critical initiatives focused on supporting survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). Bibiana manages the One Stop Centre at Wau Teaching Hospital, a facility that provides comprehensive services to GBV survivors, including medical care, psychosocial support, and legal assistance. She works closely with local communities, healthcare providers, legal institutions, and women’s coalitions to address the urgent challenges of GBV in South Sudan.

Through the One Stop Centre, Bibiana has strengthened the capacity of service providers and protection groups while advocating for the rights of women and girls affected by violence. In her free time, she enjoys reading books, listening to music, and engaging on social media.

Jackie Bless Pinyoloya

UGANDA PROJECT OFFICER

Jackie Bless Pinyoloya is the Project Officer at SIHA Network in Uganda; where she passionately champions feminist principles and gender justice. With a solid foundation in gender issues, advocacy, and economic empowerment for women, Jackie brings a wealth of expertise, particularly in the informal sector.

Currently pursuing a Master’s Degree in Gender Studies at Makerere University School of Women and Gender Studies, Jackie is committed to advancing her knowledge and understanding of gender dynamics. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Social Sciences with a major in Gender Studies from Makerere University Kampala, reflecting her dedication to exploring and addressing social inequalities.

In her role, Jackie combines her academic background with practical experience, contributing significantly to the organization’s mission of promoting gender equality and empowerment. Her dedication to feminist principles is evident in her work towards creating positive change in the lives of women in Arua and beyond.

Adla Abubker

SUDAN PROTECTION & EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINATOR

Adla Abubker is a women’s rights activist from Sudan with more than 15 years’ experience of working toward gender equality in Sudan. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Rural Development from Ahfad University for Women in Sudan. Her areas of expertise include working with grassroots communities, women’s economic empowerment, gender activism and negotiating with men to change inequitable attitudes.

Currently, Ms Abubker a Program Officer with SIHA in Sudan, where she oversees SIHA’s work on building women movement, and women in Islam, reforming gender-discriminatory legislation, and engaging youth on issues of gender, religion, and race. She believes that the link between religion and law is in dire need of reform, and that discriminatory interpretations of Islam are a root cause of violence against women in Sudan.

Neimat Abas

SUDAN COUNTRY COORDINATOR

Neimat Abas brings over ten years of experience in the nonprofit sector. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from Juba University and a master’s degree in Gender and Governance from Ahfad University for Women in Sudan, where her research focused on women’s political participation at the local level. Neimat is currently the Coordinator for the SIHA Network in Sudan.

Before joining SIHA Network, Neimat worked with the Arab Association for Constitutional Law in Tunisia, Oxfam America in Sudan, and Women for Women International in Washington, DC. She has played a key role in the development, implementation, and ongoing enhancement of high-quality women’s empowerment programs in eight conflict-affected countries.

Neimat has also been actively involved in the leadership of the Students Association and various political and civil society organizations for several years. As a result, she has developed strong skills in working with university students to organize political campaigns, raise public awareness about civil rights, and build democratic organizations and institutions.

Yousef Ahmed Abdi (Timacade)

SOMALI REGION PROGRAMME COORDINATOR

Yousef Ahmed Abdi (Timacade) is a Lawyer and Legal Analyst holding a Master’s Degree in Law and Executive Management. Over the past decade, he has consistently demonstrated dedication through his work with national and international non-governmental organizations, focusing on critical areas such as human rights, program management, and research within Somalia and Somaliland.

Currently serving as the Somali Region Programme Coordinator for the SIHA Network, Yousef embodies not only legal prowess but also a deep commitment to women’s human rights advocacy. He is also known for his prolific blogging and commentary, dedicated to raising awareness about human rights issues. His unwavering dedication to gender equality propels him into the role of advocate for marginalized communities, striving to amplify their voices and effect transformative change. Yousef specializes in championing egalitarian ideals and advancing progressive reforms in the Somali region, with a particular emphasis on achieving gender parity.

Yousef is a valued member of the editorial board of the Women in Islam journal. His numerous writings delve into the intricacies of human rights, particularly those affecting Muslim women.

Zemdena Abebe

ETHIOPIA PROGRAM COORDINATOR

Zemdena Abebe is the founder of Afri-colors, a social-enterprise startup, curating made-in-Africa products, crafted by women. As a Pan-Africanist -womanist- she refuses to be erased and amplifies the voices of women through her research, writing, multimedia -storytelling, organizing, and activism: disrupting intersecting oppressive systems. Her social justice advocacy work started in high school; Chaired Addis Ababa Girls’ Forum– which facilitated discussions amongst girls laying the foundation for legislative intervention against sexual abuse in Ethiopia. As the first women president of Addis Ababa University Students’ Union: she reaffirmed the need and organized various youth-led movements despite the hostile university context. One of the 22 young African women selected as part of the writing for social change workshop organized by AWDF and FEMRITE in Kampala, Uganda. An alumnus of the prestigious Mandela Washington Fellowship.

Amongst her multilayered affiliations, she sits on the advisory council of ActionAid Ethiopia. Previously, she worked with UNICEF Ethiopia and consulted many other local and international organizations such as the EU, FEMNET.HBF, FHS, TRUST AFRICA, etc. Volunteered for the African Union (African Academy of languages in Bamako, Mali: as a research and Marketing Assistant. Zemdena is a graduate of Political Science & International Relations, who often likes to dance her way to freedom. Asserting the notion that African women, girls & non-binary folks have the right to a life free of heteronormative -capitalist -anti-black -patriarchal terror based on their overlapping otherness: her work reaffirms that human progress is achieved through imagining a better world through the realization of a transnational strong justice-centered human kinship. Zemdena’s writings of resistance can be found on Pambazuka, Africa is a Country, HBF, African Feminism et al

Ramatoulie Isatou Jallow

REGIONAL ADVOCACY & RESEARCH OFFICER

Ramatoulie Isatou Jallow (L.L.M Graduate in National Security Law, Georgetown, 2023 and in Human Rights and Democratization in Africa University of Pretoria, Centre for Human Rights, 2021) is a peace practitioner and attorney from Botswana and the Gambia, specializing in human rights, democratization, national security, conflict prevention and women, peace and security. In her previous professional experiences, she worked for the African Union, the United States Institute for Peace, and the Georgetown Center for National Security. Immediately before joining SIHA Network, Ramatoulie was also the Mary Frances Berry Senior Fellow at the Center for Ethics and Rule of Law, affiliated with the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Here she led research on the military coups in the Sahel and West African region, civic education in the military and indefinite detention.

Her publications include Covid- 19 and Intrastate Armed Conflicts in Africa, Beyond the Outbreak: Creating a Sustainable Peace Culture in Botswana and Intergenerational Peacebuilding Among Women: Leveraging the Power of Collaboration, which she co-authored.

Outside of work, Ramatoulie is an avid reader, lover of poetry, culture, art and music.

Martin Maate Bwambale

REGIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICER

Martin Maate Bwambale is the Regional Human Resource Officer at SIHA Network, with over 8 years of progressive HR experience in both the private and not-for-profit sectors across the Greater Horn of Africa. As a member of the Human Resource Managers Association of Uganda, Martin is passionate about creating human capital-centric environments that foster a positive employee experience and contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. He is dedicated to helping individuals unlock their potential and become better versions of themselves by implementing sound HR practices and policies.

One of Martin’s key accomplishments includes serving as the Chairperson of the HR COVID-19 SOP Taskforce Committee, which was established by the Uganda INGO Country Directors Forum. He played a vital role in drafting standard operating procedures for workplace COVID-19 prevention, response, and control, as well as work-from-home policies, which were adopted in 2022.

Martin holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Production and Operations from Bugema University and is currently pursuing a Master of Business Administration in Human Resource Management at Cavendish University.

Outside of his professional life, Martin enjoys playing soccer with C Club, a corporate soccer team in Kampala, Uganda, for health, leisure, and networking. He is also passionate about singing and traveling.

REGIONAL SENIOR FINANCE OFFICER

REGIONAL SENIOR FINANCE OFFICER

Sauda Kayaga is SIHA Network’s Regional Senior Finance Officer. A trained Statistician, she holds a bachelor’s degree in Statistics from Makerere University. Sauda has 2 years of experience in statistical research and analysis, 3 years in cashiering and banking, and over 5 years in project financial management. She has a strong aptitude for working with complex financial modelling and analysis and a deep understanding of financial systems and procedures. Sauda is highly passionate about her work and brings a keen attention to detail and expertise to every aspect of her role.

Justine Namuyanja

REGIONAL PROCUREMENT & COMPLIANCE OFFICER

Justine Namuyanja is the Procurement & Compliance Officer at SIHA Network, bringing over a decade of experience to the organization. Throughout her career at SIHA, she has made significant contributions to the finance, procurement, administration, human resources, and compliance sectors. Justine has consistently demonstrated her ability to manage procurement processes efficiently while ensuring compliance with both internal and external standards. Her expertise also includes optimizing operational workflows and improving the transparency and efficiency of financial systems, all of which are essential to the success of SIHA’s work. Justine’s role is also critical in upholding the integrity and accountability of SIHA’s operations.

Sandra Nassali

REGIONAL ADVOCACY & COMMUNICATIONS COORDINATOR

Sandra is an accomplished communication professional passionate about building knowledge and conducting strategic advocacy initiatives that advance the rights of women and girls.

In addition to feminist activism works, she has, in the last 15 years, pursued her career ambitions in areas of climate change mitigation and adaptation, agriculture and food security, social enterprise development, public health, as well as ICT for Development.

Sandra holds a Master of Arts in Development Journalism and Communication (Strategic & Corporate Communication Management major), plus a Bachelor of Mass Communication (Public Relations & Marketing major) from Makerere University in Kampala Uganda.

Furthermore, she holds a Post Graduate Diploma in ICT for Development and Social Good from the Spanish Telecentres and ICT Spaces Academy in Spain.

Twitter: @SandraNassali

Shinaz Rehema Ali-Zaids

REGIONAL GRANTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING COORDINATOR

Shinaz Rehema Ali-Zaids (She/Her) is a passionate and dedicated advocate for social justice. Her professional journey has focused on women’s rights, marginalized communities, natural resource governance, and climate change. With over a decade of experience in the women’s funding sector, she has offered strategic guidance to international organizations on community-driven, participatory grantmaking.

Deeply committed to her local Nubian community, Shinaz actively engages in local initiatives and serves on various boards to amplify the voices of marginalized groups. Her work addressing human rights gaps at the grassroots level has shaped her passion for strengthening social systems that protect the rights of vulnerable populations. A strong advocate for wellness, Shinaz prioritizes self-care and collective care within teams, recognizing that sustainable social change is rooted in both individual and collective well-being.

Throughout her career, Shinaz has collaborated closely with women to develop long-term, sustainable solutions to their most pressing needs. Her expertise in movement building has been key to expanding programs across diverse regions of Africa. In her current role as the Regional Grants and Capacity Building Coordinator, she supports SIHA Network’s country teams in executing impactful work and scaling their initiatives. Shinaz also provides critical support to women and communities in conflict and post-conflict settings, ensuring their safety, security, and ongoing activism in advancing women’s rights.

Mercy Apiyo Owuor

REGIONAL COORDINATOR: MONITORING, EVALUATION & LEARNING

Mercy is a Public Health Professional with a keen interest in gender equality, equity, and social inclusion. She has over 15 years of experience in programme design and management, as well as monitoring, learning, and evaluation.

This is expertise Mercy has gathered by managing and coordinating multiple projects while working with government entities and civil society organisations at the grassroots, national, and international levels.

Mercy holds a Master of Community Health and Development from the Great Lakes University of Kisumu, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology from Moi University in Eldoret Kenya.

Twitter: @MercyOwuor2

Mayada Eltayeb

HEAD OF FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION

Mayada Eltayeb is the Head of Finance and Administration at SIHA Network. She joined the organization in 2008 with over a decade of experience in finance and organizational management, leading SIHA’s strategic financial planning and resource management. Born in Sudan and raised in the United Arab Emirates, Mayada earned her bachelor’s degree in accounting from Ahfad University in Sudan in 2005.

Before joining SIHA, she had gained extensive experience working with various audit and accounting firms, refining her skills in financial analysis and reporting. Under her leadership, SIHA’s Finance and Administration division has strengthened financial processes and policies, ensuring compliance, transparency, and the effective allocation of resources. Mayada’s efforts have been pivotal in supporting the organization’s sustainability and operational excellence. She has also completed several specialized training courses in NGO financial management in Uganda and South Africa, further enhancing her expertise and leadership capabilities.

Faizat Badmus-Busari

REGIONAL PROGRAMME MANAGER

Faizat Badmus-Busari is the Regional Programme Manager at SIHA Network. With a strong background in program management and a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree from Emory University School of Law, she expertly navigates the crossroads of gender, law, religion, and social justice, serving marginalized communities, especially women and girls.

Before SIHA, Faizat held significant positions in international organizations like The Carter Center and various United Nations agencies. There, she managed projects ranging from grassroots efforts to global initiatives, focusing on gender equity, social inclusion, democracy, and human rights. At SIHA, she oversees the network’s regional programs, ensuring the mission and vision are effectively carried out across the Horn of Africa. Faizat brings her extensive gender-transformative, legal, and program management expertise to the role. Guided by a belief in collective action and intersectional feminism, Faizat collaborates with organizations and partners to promote women’s rights, peacebuilding, and social justice in the region.

Hala Al-Karib

REGIONAL DIRECTOR

Hala Al karib was born and raised in Sudan and later lived in Canada. She currently lives and works in Uganda. She has lived and worked in South Sudan, Kenya and Egypt as well the Eastern and Horn of Africa for over 20 years. Hala’s work specifically focuses on women and girls rights activism and social movement as well as refugees and displaced persons and minority community’s challenges. She has wide and comprehensive expertise on the Horn and Eastern Africa regions, as a civil society worker/activist, and social and gender research practitioner. Her educational background is on Human rights, women studies and Psychology. In addition to her work as the Regional Director of SIHA Network, she worked for various international and regional organizations/institutions among them; The College of Social & Economic Studies, Juba University in South Sudan where she worked as a Research Assistant; The sociology department at the American University in Cairo as an Assistant Researcher; Immigrant Women of Saskatchewan Inc. in Canada as the Program Director; Trocaire, an Irish Organization as Grant Officer based in Sudan. She has also worked as a consultant with various international and UN Humanitarian organizations, including; Goal Ireland, World University Services, Accord International and Concern International.

She is a regular contributor to many online and print media outlets. Her writing is focused on activism, women’s rights and social justice. Some of her recent articles are published in: Aljazeera, Open Democracy, Sudan Tribune The Pambazuka, the New Humanitarian and the East African Newspaper. She is the Editorial head of SIHA Journal – Women in Islam in the Horn of Africa (Arabic & English).

Twitter: @Halayalkarib

Kadra Omar

Kadra is a Social Worker from Djibouti currently working with the Ministry of the Promotion of Women & Family Welfare & Social Affairs- Djibouti. She is also a member of the Djiboutian Women’s Union. Kadra currently serves on the Program Advisory.

Dr. Lyn Ossome

Dr. Lyn Ossome is the Director of the Makerere Institute of Social Research (MISR), Makerere University. She received her PhD in Political Studies from Wits University. Her specializations and taught courses are in the fields of feminist political economy and feminist political theory, with particular research interests in land and agrarian studies, gendered labour, queer feminist histories and the political economy of gendered violence. She currently serves on the Program Advisory

Aluel Atem

Aluel Atem is a seasoned development economist, blogger, and African Feminist Activist hailing from South Sudan. With over eight years of dedicated experience, her primary focus has been on gender and conflict transformation. Currently serving as a Senior Program Officer at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Aluel holds the role of USIP’s In-country (Kenya) lead for the Border Security Training Program (BSTP). In addition to her role at USIP, Aluel is a co-founder of two women’s rights initiatives: Ma’ Mara Sakit Village and Crown the Woman-South Sudan, both based in South Sudan.

Rose Baryamutuma

Rose is a programme monitoring and evaluation expert with over 15 years of experience providing specialized services for program design, organization capacity assessments, facilitating training and M&E. She has also provided technical support to institutions to develop and cost strategic plans. Rose has broad research experience/evaluation in the areas of HIV and AIDS, Sexual and Reproductive Health. As GBV Focal Person she provides technical support to the GBV National TWG on general program and M&E specifically.

Kimberley Armstrong

Kimberley Armstrong holds a PhD in Anthropology from McGill University in Canada. Her research focused on transitional justice, conflict, and displacement in Northern Uganda, with previous studies on rural-to-urban migration of women in Senegal. She is currently working with the Ministry of Social Development and Poverty Reduction in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, as the Manager of Program Evaluation and Reporting. Prior to joining the Ministry, she served as SIHA Network’s Regional Programmes Manager for over six years.

Jemimah Naburri-Kaheru

Currently serving as the Association for Women’s Rights in Development [AWID]’s Deputy Director of Human Resources, is an accomplished international Human Rights [HR] strategist with a significant experience in the Horn of Africa region. With a background in Development Studies from Makerere University (Uganda) and an ongoing MBA in Human Resource Management, Jemimah is dedicated to continuous professional development. Her contributions to building high-performance workforces and her leadership in international HR make her an invaluable asset to any global enterprise. Additionally, Jemimah serves as the Program Advisor, supporting with operations at SIHA Network.

Abdifatah Hassan Ali

Abdifatah is a Somali human rights defender with extensive experience in advocacy within the civil society arena. He is the Founder of the Digital Shelter – a local initiative founded in March 2018 by activists who are passionate about the intersection between technology and human rights in Somalia with the aim of promoting digital safety, digital rights and inclusion and internet freedom in the growing digital civic space of Somalia. He holds a Masters Degree in Human rights. Currently works for the UN as a Human rights officer in Somalia

Guleid Ahmed Jama

​Guleid is an active human rights defender and an Attorney at law the Xaqdoon Law Firm​, based​ in Somaliland. He is the ​C​o-founder and former ​C​hairperson of Human Rights Center (HRC), a human rights advocacy organization ​also based in Somaliland. ​​Guleid currently serv​es​ as a Program Advisor.

Asmahan Hassen

Ms. Asmahan is one of the founders of SIHA, currently serving as Advisor to the SIHA Board. She is currently Chairperson of Nagaad Network in Somaliland. She has also served as Chairperson of the Somaliland Women’s Research and Action Group (SOWRAG). Asmahan is actively involved in the Somaliland women rights arena as a women human rights defender. Her tenure spans 23 years. She is a graduate of Arts and Humanities from the University of Khartoum.

Peace Twine Kyamureku

Peace Twine Kyamureku is the Executive Director of the Ruth Fund Uganda. She is a secondary school teacher by profession, holding a Master of Arts Degree from Makerere University and has trained in Gender, Human Rights and Civil Society Studies. She currently serves on the Advisory to the SIHA Board.

Saba Gebremedhin

Saba is currently the Executive Director of the Network of Ethiopian Women’s Associations (NEWA), a member organization of SIHA Network. Saba is a Lawyer in the Ethiopian Courts of Law by training and profession having served as a Special Prosecutor. She is also one of the founders of the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA). In her tenure, she has served as a Consultant at the IGAD Gender Unit and the African Union Women, Gender and Development Directorate (WGDD).

Kaltun Hassan

Ms. Kaltun is a Gender Expert and Women Rights Activist from Somaliland. She has served in a number of positions within civil society organizations advocating for, and working in women’s rights, gender equality, and peace-building. She serves on the Board of Directors of Women Advocacy and Progress organization (WAAPO). Kaltun was recently re-elected as the only woman on the Somaliland Electoral Commission.

Fadwo Hassan

Fadwo Hassan Jimale is a Somali woman rights activist with experience spanning 10 years in gender-mainstreaming and social protection of women and children in Somalia. I have Ten (10) years’ experience in excellence of general protection and development of gender mainstreaming. Her experience in GBV survivor work in Somalia has necessitated her participation in women’s movement-building work particularly with the women and Child Cluster in Somalia. Fadwo has represented SIHA in a number of national and regional spaces contributing to SIHA’s mandate of advocating for the acknowledgment of women rights in view of the lived realities of women and girls in the region.

Rigbe Gebrehewariat Hagos

Rigbe is a passionate women rights activist from Ethiopia, trained as a Lawyer and Social Worker, who has dedicated her career to advocating for people with disabilities, especially women. She works to spread awareness about people with disabilities and what they are able to achieve. She is the Co-founder and treasurer of Ethiopian Lawyers with Disabilities Association (ELDA), Co-founder and board chair of Setawit and a member of the United Nations Women Civil Society Advisory Group She is also a 2016 Mandela Washington Fellow. Rigbe sits on the Board of Directors of the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) – a member of SIHA Network. She currently serves on the SIHA Board of Directors.

Zabib Loro Musa

Zabib Loro Musa is the Executive Director of Women for Justice and Equality (WOJE), a feminist advocacy organization dedicated to advancing and advocating for the rights of women in marginalized communities across South Sudan. At WOJE, she leads the organization’s efforts to implement the Women’s Peace and Security agenda in grassroots communities throughout South Sudan.

Keltun Qasim

Kaltun Qasim is the Director of Women’s Human Rights Education and Environment in Somaliland. Her organization works in different rural and urban centres in Somaliland and has been a member of SIHA for more than 10 years.

Lillian Byarugaba Adriko

Lilian Byarugaba Adriko is the CEO of FIDA-Uganda and is a very well known woman advocate and rights defender in the country playing a significant role in improving the status of women by promoting their socio-economic rights and justice and advancing gender equality within Uganda.

Omayma Elmardi

Ms. Omayma Amin Elmardi is the Director at the National Sudanese Women Association (NSWA) a member organisation of SIHA Network. She holds a Bachelors of Science from Cairo University – Khartoum branch, a Post-graduate Diploma in Development Studies and a Master of Science in Development Planning from the Development Studies and Research Institute (DSRI) University of Khartoum. Omayma currently serves as the Chairperson of the SIHA Board of Directors.