OBITUARY: The invisible victims of armed militia attacks in Darfur


On October 19th 2020, an armed group burned down the IDP camps of Oum Assal, Babanousa and Om Zegerat in Gerida locality. Gerida locality is composed of a number of villages surrounding Gerida town, located in the south of Nyala city – the capital of South Darfur state. Gerida has a population of over one hundred and twenty thousand people, most of them are IDPs.

Between 2006-2020, Gerida has witnessed a sequence of massacres, ongoing displacement and tribal and ethnic tensions leading to hundreds of civilians losing their lives and thousands losing their livelihoods. As a predominantly farming community that is situated at a key crossroad for pastoral communities, Gerida is susceptible to convergences of conflicting interests. The 2006 | Darfur (Abuja) Peace Agreement – engineered by the Sudanese regime at the time and the International Community – enabled the restructuring of the local governance in Darfur, allowing the Fallata ethnic group in Tulus locality to take Sadoon area, which is known to be part of Gerida locality and Masalit ethnic group land, according to the Darfurian Hakoora system. This arrangement has aggravated the pre-existing tensions in Gerida and has contributed to its current state of instability.

Systematic extrajudicial killings by armed militia in Darfur and the absence of rule of law have persisted even after the Sudanese revolution and the formation of Sudan’s transitional government. These circumstances must be recognized as critically important issues, which are leading Sudan into a brutal cycle of civil armed conflicts that victimize hundreds of civilians in Darfur.

On October 19th (2020), 10 civilians were killed in Gerida: 4 women and 6 men, while 36 people were injured and more than 900 families displaced. Innocent women and men in Darfur continue to be victimized by the attacks of armed militia, while the central government remains quiet. The South Darfur State government has formed a committee to investigate the attack, however, after more than two months, no findings have been shared with the public. SIHA Network’s partners and affiliates have been documenting the violations that have occurred in conjunction with these attacks, and refuse to allow the dehumanization of the victims and survivors.

Today we mourn the loss of the four women killed in Gerida’s attack and we honor the memory of:

  1. Nawal Mohamed Abbakar Adam, 19 years old, secondary school student, killed in the Abdoos attack of 19th October 2020; (pictured on the right)
  2. Fatima Yahia Abdullah Ahmed, 79 years old, mother of five, killed in the Abdoos attack of 19th October 2020;
  3. Azza Musa Abdel Rahman Abdallah, 14 years old, student, killed in the Abdoos attack of 19th October 2020; (pictured on the left)
  4. Khadija Mohamed Zain Shafaq, 65 years old, farmer and mother of seven, killed in the Abdoos attack of 19th October 2020;

The attackers were on horses and donkeys, wearing plain clothes. I do not know how many of them there were. They covered their faces with their shawls. Security and army forces completely vanished during the attack, even though there were many forces in the area before the attack. They disappeared when we were ambushed,” says a witness of the Gerida attack.


SIHA Network’s sources said the recent attacks date back to August 2020, during the rainy season, in which armed herders led their herds into the farmed land in Abdoos area (part of Gerida locality), causing resentment from the residents of the area. The armed herders killed 17 people and injured 21. As a result, the state government assigned a military force to guard Abdoos and the surrounding areas. The military force dispersed the militia on Monday the 19th of October, from the Dakka area (another area within Gerida) when the militia tried to forcibly reside in that area. However, during the attack on the IDPs that led to the killing of the women and men civilians, the security forces completely vanished.

Reported incidents of sexual violence against men and boys in Rahad Abu Dreisa
On the 26th of December (2020) a group of armed militia cattle-herders attacked fishermen in the valley of Rahad Abu Dreisa area, within the Gerida locality, killing 15 people and injuring 34 people – including 3 minors. According to eyewitnesses, an RSF team was present at the time of the attack, but they did not intervene to prevent or stop the assault. The recent attack was preceded by a couple of assaults from the armed herders. In a previous incident, the herders forced fishermen and boys to engage in sexual activities at gunpoint. The governor of South Darfur visited the area on 27th of December (2020) and established an investigation committee.

Impunity and the normalization of killing in Darfur

SIHA Network is alarmed by the level of impunity and violence these militia attackers are being afforded, as well as their lack of clear identification during the attacks. This has led to the continuation of attacks without holding the attackers accountable. In the past year, no perpetrators were brought to justice for any of the numerous massacres which took place, and the victims’ families have not been issued any kind of official apology or reparation payment for the unjust loss they have suffered. Furthermore, perpetrators of sexual violence continue to enjoy complete immunity under the law. While Sudan continues to be reluctant to comprehensively address sexual violence and rape crimes within its legal framework, survivors face accusations of adultery, criminalization of sexuality, which could lead to execution by hanging or 100 lashes (Article 62 of Evidence Act 1994).


According to the SIHA Regional Director, the illusion of stability in the region has led to a drop in reports of human rights violations and media coverage, and a corresponding decline in nationwide solidarity with the victims and their families. The absence of rule of law, involvement of the military and RSF forces in allowing the attacks are critical threats to peace and security in the region and across Sudan, especially during this fragile transitional period.


SIHA Network demands that the transitional government:

  1. Provide an immediate update on the findings of the investigation committees formed during the transitional period, including the investigation committees of the Kutum, Fatabarno and Gerida massacres.
  2. Honor the memory of the victims by having the Transitional Sovereign Council leader and the Prime Minister issue condolence letters to the families of the victims.
  3. Emphasize demobilization of armed militia and work to end factionalization on regional and local levels, seeking inclusive peace within Darfur and the rest of Sudan as this is especially important in light of the RSF’s pledge to protect civilians after the exit of UNAMID peacekeeping troops.
  4. Fundamentally reform Sudan’s legal framework, which continues to enable violations of human rights in Darfur, particularly women and girls’ rights. To this end, the transitional government must invest in rule of law institutions, while also rewriting the vague and conflicting laws concerning sexual violence/abuse that are ill-suited to address the prevalent violations of SGBV survivors’ rights and dignity.
  5. Assume responsibility for the continued prevalence of sexual violence against women, girls, men, and boys across Darfur, and take action to reduce this violence by holding perpetrators accountable and immediately reforming the laws that provide impunity to military and paramilitary forces.
  6. Launch the security sector reform taskforce immediately, to redefine the concepts of civilian protection and peacekeeping, including training of law enforcement personnel at all levels to ensure that rule of law is reflected on the ground.

1 – Internally displaced person(s)
2 – Gerida: a town in south-western Sudan, located 100km south of Nyala, the capital of South Darfur state. Bordered by Belail from the North, Buram from the South, Tulus from the west and East Darfur state from the east.
3 – Fallata: a Sudanese name for a border crossing ethnic group originally called Fulbe or Fulani, found across the Savannah belt from the western to the eastern regions, particularly in Mali, Nigeria, and Sudan. Fallata speak Fulfulde, and are estimated to constitute 10% of the Sudanese population.
4 – Tulus: a town located 80 kilometers south-east of Nyala city. According to the latest Sudanese census (2008), the town has 413,000 inhabitants who belong to the Fallata or Salamat nomad tribes.
5 – Masalit: an ethnic group found in Western Sudan and Eastern Chad. In Sudan, they are found primarily in the Darfur region, both in West Darfur in the Habila and Genina localities, and in South Darfur in the Gerida locality. They speak the Masalit language, and their population in Sudan is estimated to be just over 350,000. 

6 – https://rsf.gov.sd/en/news/489/RSF-Affirm-Preparedness-to-Protect-the-Citizens-after-UNAMID-Exit
7 – Hakoora – a traditional system of allocating to tribes in Darfur;


 في ذكرى المدنيين ضحايا القتل الممنهج خارج نطاق القانون في منطقة قريضة

قامت مجموعة مسلحة بإحراق معسكرات النازحين بأم عسل، وبابنوسة، وأم زغرات بمحلية قريضة بتاريخ الإثنين، 19 من أكتوبر 2020م. تتكون محلية قريضة من عدد من القرى المحيطة ببلدة قريضة الواقعة جنوب مدينة نيالا، عاصمة ولاية جنوب دارفور. ويبلغ عدد سكان قريضة أكثر من مئة وعشرين ألف نسمة جراء النزوح المستمر إلى البلدة من القرى المجاورة في السنوات الماضية.

شهدت قريضة بين عامي 2006 و 2020 سلسلة من المجازر وجرائم القتل خارج نطاق القانون، إضافة إلى  النزوح المستمر بسبب التوترات القبلية، القتل، الترويع  وانتزاع الأراضي والممتلكات الذي لا يزال سائداً في مختلف مناطق إقليم دارفور. وفقد مئات المدنيين حياتهم، كما فقد آلاف منهم سبل كسب عيشهم. تشكل قريضة مسرحاً للمصالح المتضاربة، حيث يعمل غالبية سكان قريضة بالزراعة كما تقع المحلية ضمن مسارات المجموعات الرعوية في دارفور. وقد شكلت اتفاقية سلام دارفور (أبوجا) 2006م  ابان حقبة النظام السوداني السابق إدارة حكم محلي مغايرة لما هو متعارف عليه مجتمعياً في دارفور. حيث منحت الاتفاقية مجموعة الفلاتة منطقة سعدون، والتي تعتبر من مناطق مجموعة المساليت وفقاً لنظام الحاكورة الدارفوري. وقد فاقم هذا الاتفاق من التوترات الموجودة سلفاً في قريضة وساهم في عدم الاستقرار المتواصل في المنطقة.

أصبحت أقاليم دارفور خلال ما يقارب العقدين من الزمان مسرحاً للقتل الممنهج خارج نطاق القانون والتخريب الاقتصادي وهدم مصادر كسب العيش والإنتاج إضافة الى غياب حكم القانون حتى بعد قيام الثورة السودانية المجيدة وتشكيل الحكومة الانتقالية. ويجب الأخذ في الاعتبار ان الازمة العميقة والمزمنة التي تعاني منها اقاليم دارفور تسهم بشكل منتظم في دفع السودان إلى دائرة نزاعات أهلية مسلحة يمتد أثرها مالم يتم تداركها الى كافة ارجاء البلاد.

في يوم الإثنين 19 أكتوبر 2020 قُتِل 10 مدنيون في محلية قريضة  منهم  4 نساء و6 رجال، بينما جُرِح 36 شخصاً  وشردت أكثر من 900 أسرة. وقد شكلت حكومة ولاية جنوب دارفور لجنة للتحقيق في الهجوم، لكن لم تُنشر أي نتائج للعامة بعد مُضي أكثر من شهرين. وهكذا يقع الأبرياء من المدنيين ضحايا للعنف الممنهج للمليشيات المسلحة في دارفور بينما تلتزم الحكومة المركزية الصمت. ونحن اليوم نشد من أزر شركائنا من الناشطين والناشطات في أقاليم دارفور وهم يقاومون من أجل تحقيق العدالة والسلام واحترام حقوق وكرامة الإنسان، ويقفون ضد تطبيع الانتهاكات والقتل.

نحزن  اليوم على الفقد الأليم للنساء الأربع اللاتي قُتِلن في هجمات قريضة، ونُكرّم ذكرى كل من

  1. نوال محمد أبكر آدم، 19 عاماً، طالبة بالمرحلة الثانوية، قُتِلت في هجوم أبدوس في 19 أكتوبر 2020 الصورة على اليمين
  2. فاطمة يحيى عبد الله أحمد، 79 عاماً، أم لخمسة أبناء، قُتِلت في هجوم أبدوس في 19 أكتوبر 2020
  3. عزة موسى عبد الرحمن عبد الله، 14 عاماً، طالبة، قُتِلت في هجوم أبدوس في 19 أكتوبرالصورة على اليسار
  4. خديجة محمد زين شفق، 65 عاماً، مزارعة وأم لسبعة أبناء، قُتِلت في هجوم أبدوس في 19 أكتوبر 2020

يقول أحد شهود هجوم قريضة: كان المهاجمون يمتطون الخيول والحمير، ويرتدون ملابس مدنية. ولا أعرف عددهم، إذ كانوا يغطون وجوههم بالشال (الكدمول). والقوات الأمنية وقوات الجيش اختفت تماماً أثناء الهجوم، رغم وجود الكثير من القوات في المنطقة قبل الهجوم. اختفوا عند الاقتحام


 ووفقاً للناشطين والناشطات في المنطقة: فإنَّ الهجمات الأخيرة تعود جذورها إلى أغسطس 2020، أثناء موسم الأمطار، عندما قاد الرعاة المسلحون قطعانهم إلى الأراضي المزروعة في منطقة أبدوس (جزء من محلية قريضة)، وأثاروا امتعاض السكان. وقد قتلت المليشيات  المسلحة الموالية للرعاة  17 شخصاً وجرحوا 21. وعليه، عيَّنت حكومة الولاية قوة عسكرية لحماية أبدوس والمناطق المجاورة. وقد فرَّقت القوة العسكرية المليشيا المهاجمة في 19 أكتوبر من منطقة دكَّة (منطقة أخرى ضمن حدود قريضة) عندما حاولت المليشيا الإقامة بالقوة في المنطقة. وعند معاودة المليشيات الهجوم  مرة أخرى على معسكرات النازحين اختفت القوات الأمنية المعينة من قبل  حكومة الولاية تماماً، الأمر الذي أفضى إلى قتل المدنيين من النساء والرجال

تقارير عن حوادث عنف جنسي ضد الرجال والفتيان في رهد أبو ضريسة

وفق التقارير الموثقة من المنطقة في يوم  26 ديسمبر 2020، هاجمت مجموعة رعاة أبقار من المليشيات المسلحة، الصيادين في وادي رهد أبو ضريسة، ضمن حدود محلية قريضة، وقتلوا 15 شخصاً وأصابوا 34 منهم 3 قصر تحت سن ال 18. ووفقاً لشهود عيان، رغم وجود مجموعة من قوات الدعم السريع في  وقت الهجوم، لكنهم لم يتدخلوا لمنع الهجوم أو إيقافه. وقد سبق الهجوم الأخير هجومان من المسلحين. وفي حادثة سابقة، أجبر الرعاةُ الصيادين على ممارسة أنشطة جنسية تحت تهديد السلاح. وقد زار والي جنوب دارفور المنطقة في 27 ديسمبر 2020 وشكل لجنة تحقيق

الحصانة واستسهال القتل في دارفور

تُعرب شبكة صيحة عن قلقها البالغ من ازدياد معدلات العنف في أقاليم دارفور، مقابل الحصانة وانعدام المحاسبية التي تتمتع بها المليشيات المسلحة. فخلال العام الماضي لم يُقدَّم أي معتدٍ للعدالة لارتكاب أياً من المجازر العديدة التي وقعت، ولم تتلقَّ أُسر الضحايا أيّ اعترافٍ أو اعتذارٍ رسمي أو مبالغ تعويضية عن الفقد والظلم الذي تعرضوا له. إضافة إلى ذلك، يواصل مرتكبو جرائم العنف الجنسي تمتعهم بالحصانة التامة بموجب القانون. تتقاعس مؤسسات الدولة فيالسودان عن المعالجة الشاملة لجرائم العنف الجنسي والاغتصاب ضمن إطار القوانين والسياسات، تواجه الناجيات اتهامات الزنا والتجريم، التي قد تقود إلى الإعدام شنقاً أو الجلد 100 جلدة (المادة 26 من قانون الإثبات 1994


ووفقاً للمديرة الإقليمية لـ ’صيحة‘، إنَّ وهم الاستقرار الذى يتم الترويج له في أقاليم دارفور أدّى  إلى  تفاقم    الانتهاكات التي تحدث في دارفور، ذلك إضافة إلى ضعف التغطية الإعلامية، وضعف وعدم انتظام التضامن على مستوى البلاد مع الضحايا وأسرهم. ويمثِّل غياب حكم القانون  وتجاهل  الحكومة الانتقالية لما يحدث في دارفور تهديداً خطيراً للسلام والأمن في جميع أنحاء السودان، لا سيما خلال الفترة الانتقالية الهشة


تطالب شبكة ’صيحة وشركائها في دارفور‘ الحكومة الانتقالية بالتالي

  1. تقديم تنوير عاجل بشأن نتائج لجان التحقيق التي شُكِّلت خلال الفترة الانتقالية، بما فيها لجان تحقيق مجازر كُتُم وفتّابرنو وقريضة

.2. تكريم ذكرى الضحايا بإصدار رئيس مجلس السيادة ورئيس الوزراء خطابات تعزية لأُسر الضحايا 

  1. تعزيز عملية نزع السلاح والعمل على إنهاء الشقاق على المستويين الإقليمي والمحلي، في سبيل سلام شامل في دارفور وبقية السودان، حيث يكتسب الأمر أهمية خاصةً على ضوء تعهُّد قوات الدعم السريع بحماية المدنيين بعد خروج قوات اليوناميد – UNAMID لحفظ السلام
  2. إصلاح جذري للمنظومة العدلية وتعزيز مؤسسات إنفاذ القانون، تلك المؤسسات التي لاتزال تعاني من الضعف والتشظي وتسمح بوقوع الانتهاكات ضد المدنيين، خاصةً النساء والفتيات. لذلك يجب على الحكومة الانتقالية أن تتبنى مشروع جذرى لإعادة بناء القوانين الغامضة والمتناقضة التي تسمح بالعنف الجنسي وتجريم الضحايا واستبدالها بقوانين صارمة  وغير ملتبسة في إدانتها وتجريم المنتهكين والمعتدين
  3. يجب على الحكومة الانتقالية تحمل مسؤولية استمرار تفشي العنف الجنسي ضد النساء والفتيات والرجال والفتيان في دارفور، واتخاذ إجراءات صارمة بمحاسبة المعتدين والإصلاح الفوري للقوانين التي تضمن الحصانة وعدم المحاسبية للقوات العسكرية وشبه العسكرية
  4. تشكيل فريق العمل الشامل لإصلاح القطاع الأمني في أقرب وقت بمشورة أصحاب المصلحة والنساء والشباب من أجل إعادة تعريف مفاهيم حماية المدنيين وتمكين مؤسسات إنفاذ القانون بما في ذلك تدريب العاملين والعاملات في مجالات إنفاذ القانون على كل المستويات وإيقاف العسكرة والتسليح

 

  • قِريضة: بلدة في جنوب غرب السودان، تقع على بعد 100 كلم جنوب نيالا عاصمة ولاية جنوب دارفور. وتحدّها بِليل من الشمال، وبُرام من الجنوب، وتُلُس من الغرب، وولاية شرق دارفور من الشرق.
  • الفلَّاتة: اسم سوداني لمجموعة إثنية عابرة للحدود اسمها الأصلي الفُلبي أو الفولاني، توجد في حزام السافنا من المناطق الغربية إلى الشرقية، تحديداً في مالي ونيجريا والسودان. يتحدثون لغة الفلفلدي. ويُقدَّر أنهم يمثِّلون 10% من سكان السودان.
  • تُلُس: بلدة تقع على بعد 80 كلم جنوب شرق مدينة نيالا. ويعيش فيها 413,000 نسمة ينتمون لقبائل الفلّاتة أو السلامات الرعوية، وفقاً لتعداد 2008 في السودان.
  • المساليت: مجموعة إثنية توجد بغرب السودان وشرق تشاد. ويعيش غالبيتهم في السودان بإقليم دارفور، في محليتي هَبيلا والجنينة، ومحلية قريضة. ويتحدثون لغة المساليت، ويُقدَّر عددهم في السودان بـأكثر من 350,000 نسمة.

 

الحاكورة: نظام تقليدي في تخصيص الأراضي للقبائل في دارفور.


 

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Ayan Mohamed Djama

Legal and Social Consultant

Ayan Mohamed Djama is a Legal and Social Consultant with strong expertise in judicial, port, and associative matters, and solid experience in designing, managing, and evaluating high-impact social, legal, and educational programmes. Internationally trained in Senegal, Kenya, France, and the United States, she supports NGOs, institutions, and private sector actors while leading community initiatives focused on the training, empowerment, and leadership of young women, girls, and youth to foster more just, inclusive, and resilient societies.

Bibiana Joseph Awad

SOUTH SUDAN PROJECTS OFFICER

Bibiana Joseph Awad holds a Master’s degree in Education in Emergency from the University of Juba. She is an activist and the Projects Officer at the SIHA Network in South Sudan, where she oversees critical initiatives focused on supporting survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). Bibiana manages the One Stop Centre at Wau Teaching Hospital, a facility that provides comprehensive services to GBV survivors, including medical care, psychosocial support, and legal assistance. She works closely with local communities, healthcare providers, legal institutions, and women’s coalitions to address the urgent challenges of GBV in South Sudan.

Through the One Stop Centre, Bibiana has strengthened the capacity of service providers and protection groups while advocating for the rights of women and girls affected by violence. In her free time, she enjoys reading books, listening to music, and engaging on social media.

Jackie Bless Pinyoloya

UGANDA PROJECT OFFICER

Jackie Bless Pinyoloya is the Project Officer at SIHA Network in Uganda; where she passionately champions feminist principles and gender justice. With a solid foundation in gender issues, advocacy, and economic empowerment for women, Jackie brings a wealth of expertise, particularly in the informal sector.

Currently pursuing a Master’s Degree in Gender Studies at Makerere University School of Women and Gender Studies, Jackie is committed to advancing her knowledge and understanding of gender dynamics. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Social Sciences with a major in Gender Studies from Makerere University Kampala, reflecting her dedication to exploring and addressing social inequalities.

In her role, Jackie combines her academic background with practical experience, contributing significantly to the organization’s mission of promoting gender equality and empowerment. Her dedication to feminist principles is evident in her work towards creating positive change in the lives of women in Arua and beyond.

Adla Abubker

SUDAN PROTECTION & EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINATOR

Adla Abubker is a women’s rights activist from Sudan with more than 15 years’ experience of working toward gender equality in Sudan. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Rural Development from Ahfad University for Women in Sudan. Her areas of expertise include working with grassroots communities, women’s economic empowerment, gender activism and negotiating with men to change inequitable attitudes.

Currently, Ms Abubker a Program Officer with SIHA in Sudan, where she oversees SIHA’s work on building women movement, and women in Islam, reforming gender-discriminatory legislation, and engaging youth on issues of gender, religion, and race. She believes that the link between religion and law is in dire need of reform, and that discriminatory interpretations of Islam are a root cause of violence against women in Sudan.

Neimat Abas

SUDAN COUNTRY COORDINATOR

Neimat Abas brings over ten years of experience in the nonprofit sector. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law from Juba University and a master’s degree in Gender and Governance from Ahfad University for Women in Sudan, where her research focused on women’s political participation at the local level. Neimat is currently the Coordinator for the SIHA Network in Sudan.

Before joining SIHA Network, Neimat worked with the Arab Association for Constitutional Law in Tunisia, Oxfam America in Sudan, and Women for Women International in Washington, DC. She has played a key role in the development, implementation, and ongoing enhancement of high-quality women’s empowerment programs in eight conflict-affected countries.

Neimat has also been actively involved in the leadership of the Students Association and various political and civil society organizations for several years. As a result, she has developed strong skills in working with university students to organize political campaigns, raise public awareness about civil rights, and build democratic organizations and institutions.

Yousef Ahmed Abdi (Timacade)

SOMALI REGION PROGRAMME COORDINATOR

Yousef Ahmed Abdi (Timacade) is a Lawyer and Legal Analyst holding a Master’s Degree in Law and Executive Management. Over the past decade, he has consistently demonstrated dedication through his work with national and international non-governmental organizations, focusing on critical areas such as human rights, program management, and research within Somalia and Somaliland.

Currently serving as the Somali Region Programme Coordinator for the SIHA Network, Yousef embodies not only legal prowess but also a deep commitment to women’s human rights advocacy. He is also known for his prolific blogging and commentary, dedicated to raising awareness about human rights issues. His unwavering dedication to gender equality propels him into the role of advocate for marginalized communities, striving to amplify their voices and effect transformative change. Yousef specializes in championing egalitarian ideals and advancing progressive reforms in the Somali region, with a particular emphasis on achieving gender parity.

Yousef is a valued member of the editorial board of the Women in Islam journal. His numerous writings delve into the intricacies of human rights, particularly those affecting Muslim women.

Zemdena Abebe

ETHIOPIA PROGRAM COORDINATOR

Zemdena Abebe is the founder of Afri-colors, a social-enterprise startup, curating made-in-Africa products, crafted by women. As a Pan-Africanist -womanist- she refuses to be erased and amplifies the voices of women through her research, writing, multimedia -storytelling, organizing, and activism: disrupting intersecting oppressive systems. Her social justice advocacy work started in high school; Chaired Addis Ababa Girls’ Forum– which facilitated discussions amongst girls laying the foundation for legislative intervention against sexual abuse in Ethiopia. As the first women president of Addis Ababa University Students’ Union: she reaffirmed the need and organized various youth-led movements despite the hostile university context. One of the 22 young African women selected as part of the writing for social change workshop organized by AWDF and FEMRITE in Kampala, Uganda. An alumnus of the prestigious Mandela Washington Fellowship.

Amongst her multilayered affiliations, she sits on the advisory council of ActionAid Ethiopia. Previously, she worked with UNICEF Ethiopia and consulted many other local and international organizations such as the EU, FEMNET.HBF, FHS, TRUST AFRICA, etc. Volunteered for the African Union (African Academy of languages in Bamako, Mali: as a research and Marketing Assistant. Zemdena is a graduate of Political Science & International Relations, who often likes to dance her way to freedom. Asserting the notion that African women, girls & non-binary folks have the right to a life free of heteronormative -capitalist -anti-black -patriarchal terror based on their overlapping otherness: her work reaffirms that human progress is achieved through imagining a better world through the realization of a transnational strong justice-centered human kinship. Zemdena’s writings of resistance can be found on Pambazuka, Africa is a Country, HBF, African Feminism et al

Ramatoulie Isatou Jallow

REGIONAL ADVOCACY & RESEARCH OFFICER

Ramatoulie Isatou Jallow (L.L.M Graduate in National Security Law, Georgetown, 2023 and in Human Rights and Democratization in Africa University of Pretoria, Centre for Human Rights, 2021) is a peace practitioner and attorney from Botswana and the Gambia, specializing in human rights, democratization, national security, conflict prevention and women, peace and security. In her previous professional experiences, she worked for the African Union, the United States Institute for Peace, and the Georgetown Center for National Security. Immediately before joining SIHA Network, Ramatoulie was also the Mary Frances Berry Senior Fellow at the Center for Ethics and Rule of Law, affiliated with the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Here she led research on the military coups in the Sahel and West African region, civic education in the military and indefinite detention.

Her publications include Covid- 19 and Intrastate Armed Conflicts in Africa, Beyond the Outbreak: Creating a Sustainable Peace Culture in Botswana and Intergenerational Peacebuilding Among Women: Leveraging the Power of Collaboration, which she co-authored.

Outside of work, Ramatoulie is an avid reader, lover of poetry, culture, art and music.

Martin Maate Bwambale

REGIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICER

Martin Maate Bwambale is the Regional Human Resource Officer at SIHA Network, with over 8 years of progressive HR experience in both the private and not-for-profit sectors across the Greater Horn of Africa. As a member of the Human Resource Managers Association of Uganda, Martin is passionate about creating human capital-centric environments that foster a positive employee experience and contribute to the achievement of organizational goals. He is dedicated to helping individuals unlock their potential and become better versions of themselves by implementing sound HR practices and policies.

One of Martin’s key accomplishments includes serving as the Chairperson of the HR COVID-19 SOP Taskforce Committee, which was established by the Uganda INGO Country Directors Forum. He played a vital role in drafting standard operating procedures for workplace COVID-19 prevention, response, and control, as well as work-from-home policies, which were adopted in 2022.

Martin holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Production and Operations from Bugema University and is currently pursuing a Master of Business Administration in Human Resource Management at Cavendish University.

Outside of his professional life, Martin enjoys playing soccer with C Club, a corporate soccer team in Kampala, Uganda, for health, leisure, and networking. He is also passionate about singing and traveling.

REGIONAL SENIOR FINANCE OFFICER

REGIONAL SENIOR FINANCE OFFICER

Sauda Kayaga is SIHA Network’s Regional Senior Finance Officer. A trained Statistician, she holds a bachelor’s degree in Statistics from Makerere University. Sauda has 2 years of experience in statistical research and analysis, 3 years in cashiering and banking, and over 5 years in project financial management. She has a strong aptitude for working with complex financial modelling and analysis and a deep understanding of financial systems and procedures. Sauda is highly passionate about her work and brings a keen attention to detail and expertise to every aspect of her role.

Justine Namuyanja

REGIONAL PROCUREMENT & COMPLIANCE OFFICER

Justine Namuyanja is the Procurement & Compliance Officer at SIHA Network, bringing over a decade of experience to the organization. Throughout her career at SIHA, she has made significant contributions to the finance, procurement, administration, human resources, and compliance sectors. Justine has consistently demonstrated her ability to manage procurement processes efficiently while ensuring compliance with both internal and external standards. Her expertise also includes optimizing operational workflows and improving the transparency and efficiency of financial systems, all of which are essential to the success of SIHA’s work. Justine’s role is also critical in upholding the integrity and accountability of SIHA’s operations.

Sandra Nassali

REGIONAL ADVOCACY & COMMUNICATIONS COORDINATOR

Sandra is an accomplished communication professional passionate about building knowledge and conducting strategic advocacy initiatives that advance the rights of women and girls.

In addition to feminist activism works, she has, in the last 15 years, pursued her career ambitions in areas of climate change mitigation and adaptation, agriculture and food security, social enterprise development, public health, as well as ICT for Development.

Sandra holds a Master of Arts in Development Journalism and Communication (Strategic & Corporate Communication Management major), plus a Bachelor of Mass Communication (Public Relations & Marketing major) from Makerere University in Kampala Uganda.

Furthermore, she holds a Post Graduate Diploma in ICT for Development and Social Good from the Spanish Telecentres and ICT Spaces Academy in Spain.

Twitter: @SandraNassali

Shinaz Rehema Ali-Zaids

REGIONAL GRANTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING COORDINATOR

Shinaz Rehema Ali-Zaids (She/Her) is a passionate and dedicated advocate for social justice. Her professional journey has focused on women’s rights, marginalized communities, natural resource governance, and climate change. With over a decade of experience in the women’s funding sector, she has offered strategic guidance to international organizations on community-driven, participatory grantmaking.

Deeply committed to her local Nubian community, Shinaz actively engages in local initiatives and serves on various boards to amplify the voices of marginalized groups. Her work addressing human rights gaps at the grassroots level has shaped her passion for strengthening social systems that protect the rights of vulnerable populations. A strong advocate for wellness, Shinaz prioritizes self-care and collective care within teams, recognizing that sustainable social change is rooted in both individual and collective well-being.

Throughout her career, Shinaz has collaborated closely with women to develop long-term, sustainable solutions to their most pressing needs. Her expertise in movement building has been key to expanding programs across diverse regions of Africa. In her current role as the Regional Grants and Capacity Building Coordinator, she supports SIHA Network’s country teams in executing impactful work and scaling their initiatives. Shinaz also provides critical support to women and communities in conflict and post-conflict settings, ensuring their safety, security, and ongoing activism in advancing women’s rights.

Mercy Apiyo Owuor

REGIONAL COORDINATOR: MONITORING, EVALUATION & LEARNING

Mercy is a Public Health Professional with a keen interest in gender equality, equity, and social inclusion. She has over 15 years of experience in programme design and management, as well as monitoring, learning, and evaluation.

This is expertise Mercy has gathered by managing and coordinating multiple projects while working with government entities and civil society organisations at the grassroots, national, and international levels.

Mercy holds a Master of Community Health and Development from the Great Lakes University of Kisumu, and a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology from Moi University in Eldoret Kenya.

Twitter: @MercyOwuor2

Mayada Eltayeb

HEAD OF FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION

Mayada Eltayeb is the Head of Finance and Administration at SIHA Network. She joined the organization in 2008 with over a decade of experience in finance and organizational management, leading SIHA’s strategic financial planning and resource management. Born in Sudan and raised in the United Arab Emirates, Mayada earned her bachelor’s degree in accounting from Ahfad University in Sudan in 2005.

Before joining SIHA, she had gained extensive experience working with various audit and accounting firms, refining her skills in financial analysis and reporting. Under her leadership, SIHA’s Finance and Administration division has strengthened financial processes and policies, ensuring compliance, transparency, and the effective allocation of resources. Mayada’s efforts have been pivotal in supporting the organization’s sustainability and operational excellence. She has also completed several specialized training courses in NGO financial management in Uganda and South Africa, further enhancing her expertise and leadership capabilities.

Faizat Badmus-Busari

REGIONAL PROGRAMME MANAGER

Faizat Badmus-Busari is the Regional Programme Manager at SIHA Network. With a strong background in program management and a Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) degree from Emory University School of Law, she expertly navigates the crossroads of gender, law, religion, and social justice, serving marginalized communities, especially women and girls.

Before SIHA, Faizat held significant positions in international organizations like The Carter Center and various United Nations agencies. There, she managed projects ranging from grassroots efforts to global initiatives, focusing on gender equity, social inclusion, democracy, and human rights. At SIHA, she oversees the network’s regional programs, ensuring the mission and vision are effectively carried out across the Horn of Africa. Faizat brings her extensive gender-transformative, legal, and program management expertise to the role. Guided by a belief in collective action and intersectional feminism, Faizat collaborates with organizations and partners to promote women’s rights, peacebuilding, and social justice in the region.

Hala Al-Karib

REGIONAL DIRECTOR

Hala Al karib was born and raised in Sudan and later lived in Canada. She currently lives and works in Uganda. She has lived and worked in South Sudan, Kenya and Egypt as well the Eastern and Horn of Africa for over 20 years. Hala’s work specifically focuses on women and girls rights activism and social movement as well as refugees and displaced persons and minority community’s challenges. She has wide and comprehensive expertise on the Horn and Eastern Africa regions, as a civil society worker/activist, and social and gender research practitioner. Her educational background is on Human rights, women studies and Psychology. In addition to her work as the Regional Director of SIHA Network, she worked for various international and regional organizations/institutions among them; The College of Social & Economic Studies, Juba University in South Sudan where she worked as a Research Assistant; The sociology department at the American University in Cairo as an Assistant Researcher; Immigrant Women of Saskatchewan Inc. in Canada as the Program Director; Trocaire, an Irish Organization as Grant Officer based in Sudan. She has also worked as a consultant with various international and UN Humanitarian organizations, including; Goal Ireland, World University Services, Accord International and Concern International.

She is a regular contributor to many online and print media outlets. Her writing is focused on activism, women’s rights and social justice. Some of her recent articles are published in: Aljazeera, Open Democracy, Sudan Tribune The Pambazuka, the New Humanitarian and the East African Newspaper. She is the Editorial head of SIHA Journal – Women in Islam in the Horn of Africa (Arabic & English).

Twitter: @Halayalkarib

Kadra Omar

Kadra is a Social Worker from Djibouti currently working with the Ministry of the Promotion of Women & Family Welfare & Social Affairs- Djibouti. She is also a member of the Djiboutian Women’s Union. Kadra currently serves on the Program Advisory.

Dr. Lyn Ossome

Dr. Lyn Ossome is the Director of the Makerere Institute of Social Research (MISR), Makerere University. She received her PhD in Political Studies from Wits University. Her specializations and taught courses are in the fields of feminist political economy and feminist political theory, with particular research interests in land and agrarian studies, gendered labour, queer feminist histories and the political economy of gendered violence. She currently serves on the Program Advisory

Aluel Atem

Aluel Atem is a seasoned development economist, blogger, and African Feminist Activist hailing from South Sudan. With over eight years of dedicated experience, her primary focus has been on gender and conflict transformation. Currently serving as a Senior Program Officer at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), Aluel holds the role of USIP’s In-country (Kenya) lead for the Border Security Training Program (BSTP). In addition to her role at USIP, Aluel is a co-founder of two women’s rights initiatives: Ma’ Mara Sakit Village and Crown the Woman-South Sudan, both based in South Sudan.

Rose Baryamutuma

Rose is a programme monitoring and evaluation expert with over 15 years of experience providing specialized services for program design, organization capacity assessments, facilitating training and M&E. She has also provided technical support to institutions to develop and cost strategic plans. Rose has broad research experience/evaluation in the areas of HIV and AIDS, Sexual and Reproductive Health. As GBV Focal Person she provides technical support to the GBV National TWG on general program and M&E specifically.

Kimberley Armstrong

Kimberley Armstrong holds a PhD in Anthropology from McGill University in Canada. Her research focused on transitional justice, conflict, and displacement in Northern Uganda, with previous studies on rural-to-urban migration of women in Senegal. She is currently working with the Ministry of Social Development and Poverty Reduction in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, as the Manager of Program Evaluation and Reporting. Prior to joining the Ministry, she served as SIHA Network’s Regional Programmes Manager for over six years.

Jemimah Naburri-Kaheru

Currently serving as the Association for Women’s Rights in Development [AWID]’s Deputy Director of Human Resources, is an accomplished international Human Rights [HR] strategist with a significant experience in the Horn of Africa region. With a background in Development Studies from Makerere University (Uganda) and an ongoing MBA in Human Resource Management, Jemimah is dedicated to continuous professional development. Her contributions to building high-performance workforces and her leadership in international HR make her an invaluable asset to any global enterprise. Additionally, Jemimah serves as the Program Advisor, supporting with operations at SIHA Network.

Abdifatah Hassan Ali

Abdifatah is a Somali human rights defender with extensive experience in advocacy within the civil society arena. He is the Founder of the Digital Shelter – a local initiative founded in March 2018 by activists who are passionate about the intersection between technology and human rights in Somalia with the aim of promoting digital safety, digital rights and inclusion and internet freedom in the growing digital civic space of Somalia. He holds a Masters Degree in Human rights. Currently works for the UN as a Human rights officer in Somalia

Guleid Ahmed Jama

​Guleid is an active human rights defender and an Attorney at law the Xaqdoon Law Firm​, based​ in Somaliland. He is the ​C​o-founder and former ​C​hairperson of Human Rights Center (HRC), a human rights advocacy organization ​also based in Somaliland. ​​Guleid currently serv​es​ as a Program Advisor.

Asmahan Hassen

Ms. Asmahan is one of the founders of SIHA, currently serving as Advisor to the SIHA Board. She is currently Chairperson of Nagaad Network in Somaliland. She has also served as Chairperson of the Somaliland Women’s Research and Action Group (SOWRAG). Asmahan is actively involved in the Somaliland women rights arena as a women human rights defender. Her tenure spans 23 years. She is a graduate of Arts and Humanities from the University of Khartoum.

Peace Twine Kyamureku

Peace Twine Kyamureku is the Executive Director of the Ruth Fund Uganda. She is a secondary school teacher by profession, holding a Master of Arts Degree from Makerere University and has trained in Gender, Human Rights and Civil Society Studies. She currently serves on the Advisory to the SIHA Board.

Saba Gebremedhin

Saba is currently the Executive Director of the Network of Ethiopian Women’s Associations (NEWA), a member organization of SIHA Network. Saba is a Lawyer in the Ethiopian Courts of Law by training and profession having served as a Special Prosecutor. She is also one of the founders of the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA). In her tenure, she has served as a Consultant at the IGAD Gender Unit and the African Union Women, Gender and Development Directorate (WGDD).

Kaltun Hassan

Ms. Kaltun is a Gender Expert and Women Rights Activist from Somaliland. She has served in a number of positions within civil society organizations advocating for, and working in women’s rights, gender equality, and peace-building. She serves on the Board of Directors of Women Advocacy and Progress organization (WAAPO). Kaltun was recently re-elected as the only woman on the Somaliland Electoral Commission.

Fadwo Hassan

Fadwo Hassan Jimale is a Somali woman rights activist with experience spanning 10 years in gender-mainstreaming and social protection of women and children in Somalia. I have Ten (10) years’ experience in excellence of general protection and development of gender mainstreaming. Her experience in GBV survivor work in Somalia has necessitated her participation in women’s movement-building work particularly with the women and Child Cluster in Somalia. Fadwo has represented SIHA in a number of national and regional spaces contributing to SIHA’s mandate of advocating for the acknowledgment of women rights in view of the lived realities of women and girls in the region.

Rigbe Gebrehewariat Hagos

Rigbe is a passionate women rights activist from Ethiopia, trained as a Lawyer and Social Worker, who has dedicated her career to advocating for people with disabilities, especially women. She works to spread awareness about people with disabilities and what they are able to achieve. She is the Co-founder and treasurer of Ethiopian Lawyers with Disabilities Association (ELDA), Co-founder and board chair of Setawit and a member of the United Nations Women Civil Society Advisory Group She is also a 2016 Mandela Washington Fellow. Rigbe sits on the Board of Directors of the Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA) – a member of SIHA Network. She currently serves on the SIHA Board of Directors.

Zabib Loro Musa

Zabib Loro Musa is the Executive Director of Women for Justice and Equality (WOJE), a feminist advocacy organization dedicated to advancing and advocating for the rights of women in marginalized communities across South Sudan. At WOJE, she leads the organization’s efforts to implement the Women’s Peace and Security agenda in grassroots communities throughout South Sudan.

Keltun Qasim

Kaltun Qasim is the Director of Women’s Human Rights Education and Environment in Somaliland. Her organization works in different rural and urban centres in Somaliland and has been a member of SIHA for more than 10 years.

Lillian Byarugaba Adriko

Lilian Byarugaba Adriko is the CEO of FIDA-Uganda and is a very well known woman advocate and rights defender in the country playing a significant role in improving the status of women by promoting their socio-economic rights and justice and advancing gender equality within Uganda.

Omayma Elmardi

Ms. Omayma Amin Elmardi is the Director at the National Sudanese Women Association (NSWA) a member organisation of SIHA Network. She holds a Bachelors of Science from Cairo University – Khartoum branch, a Post-graduate Diploma in Development Studies and a Master of Science in Development Planning from the Development Studies and Research Institute (DSRI) University of Khartoum. Omayma currently serves as the Chairperson of the SIHA Board of Directors.